| 1. |
Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of and extracts in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
Hamadjida A, Mbomo REA, Minko SE, Ntchapda F, Kilekoung Mingoas JP, Nnanga N
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the leading worldwide public health problems. It is characterized by hyperglycemia which induces oxidative stress and inflammation, both involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes. We previously showed that (BD) and (HS) extracts reduced hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. In the present study, we evaluated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of both plants in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Two sets of experiments were conducted in male Wistar rats subjected to a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg, b. w.). Then, diabetic rats were daily administered with either BD (1st set of experiments) or HS (2nd set of experiments) at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg orally for 21 consecutive days. Glibenclamide (10 mg/kg) was also administered as a reference drug. At the end of the study, the animals were anesthetized, and blood samples were collected from each animal. Then, oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers in the serum were determined. We found that treatment with BD and HS significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and enhanced the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). These extracts also significantly decreased the inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). From the results obtained, it can therefore be concluded that BD and HS have the potential to being developed as natural sources of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents that can be used for the prevention or treatment of DM.
Metabol Open. 2024 Mar;21():100278.
PMID: 38455229 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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| 2. |
Immunomodulatory Role of Plants and Their Constituents on the Management of Metabolic Disorders: An Evidence-Based Review.
Febriyanti RM, Levita J, Diantini A
The relationship between the immune system and metabolic diseases is complex and increasingly recognized as critical to understanding conditions like obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Modulation of the immune system in patients with metabolic disorders can offer several potential benefits. While the salutary impact of plant-derived bioactive compounds on metabolic and immune functions is acknowledged, there is a paucity of comprehensive reviews on the multifaceted and synergistic mechanisms through which these effects are mediated. This review elucidates the therapeutic potential of phytochemical formulations in ameliorating metabolic disorders and delineates their mechanistic implications on relevant biomarkers and immune modulation. Our analysis reveals a predominance of plant species, including , and , that have undergone clinical evaluation and have been substantiated to confer both metabolic and immunological benefits. The phytoconstituents contained in these plants exert their effects through a range of mechanisms, such as improving glucose regulation, reducing inflammatory responses, and modulating immune system. As such, these findings hold considerable promise for clinical and therapeutic translation and necessitate further empirical validation through randomized controlled trials and mechanistic elucidations to affirm the safety and efficacy of herbal formulations.
Drug Des Devel Ther. 2024;18():513-534.
PMID: 38415194 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 3. |
Discovery of New Boswellic Acid Hybrid 1-1,2,3-Triazoles for Diabetic Management: In Vitro and In Silico Studies.
Rehman NU, Ullah S, Alam T, Halim SA, Mohanta TK, Khan A, Anwar MU, Csuk R, Avula SK, Al-Harrasi A
A series of 24 new 1-1,2,3-triazole hybrids of 3--acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (β-AKBA ()) and 11-keto-β-boswellic acid (β-KBA ()) was designed and synthesized by employing "click" chemistry in a highly efficient manner. The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction between β-AKBA-propargyl ester intermediate or β-KBA-propargyl ester intermediate with substituted aromatic azides in the presence of copper iodide (CuI) and Hünig's base furnished the desired products-1-1,2,3-triazole hybrids of β-AKBA () and β-KBA ()-in high yields. All new synthesized compounds were characterized by H-, C-NMR spectroscopy, and HR-ESI-MS spectrometry. Furthermore, their α-glucosidase-inhibitory activity was evaluated in vitro. Interestingly, the results obtained from the α-glucosidase-inhibitory assay revealed that all the synthesized derivatives are highly potent inhibitors, with IC values ranging from 0.22 to 5.32 µM. Among all the compounds, , , , , , , , , and exhibited exceptional inhibitory potency and were found to be several times more potent than the parent compounds and , as well as standard acarbose. Kinetic studies of compounds and exhibited competitive and mixed types of inhibition, with ki values of 0.84 ± 0.007 and 1.18 ± 0.0012 µM, respectively. Molecular docking was carried out to investigate the binding modes of these compounds with α-glucosidase. The molecular docking interactions indicated that that all compounds are well fitted in the active site of α-glucosidase, where His280, Gln279, Asp215, His351, Arg442, and Arg315 mainly stabilize the binding of these compounds. The current study demonstrates the usefulness of incorporating a 1-1,2,3-triazole moiety into the medicinally fascinating boswellic acids skeleton.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2023 Feb;16(2):.
PMID: 37259377 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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| 4. |
The Protective Effect of 11-Keto-β-Boswellic Acid against Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in Rats Entails Activation of AMPK.
AlTamimi JZ, AlFaris NA, Alshammari GM, Alagal RI, Aljabryn DH, Yahya MA
This study examined the protective effect of 11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) against streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC) in rats and examined the possible mechanisms of action. Male rats were divided into 5 groups (n = 8/each): (1) control, AKBA (10 mg/kg, orally), STZ (65 mg/kg, i.p.), STZ + AKBA (10 mg/kg, orally), and STZ + AKBA + compound C (CC/an AMPK inhibitor, 0.2 mg/kg, i.p.). AKBA improved the structure and the systolic and diastolic functions of the left ventricles (LVs) of STZ rats. It also attenuated the increase in plasma glucose, plasma insulin, and serum and hepatic levels of triglycerides (TGs), cholesterol (CHOL), and free fatty acids (FFAs) in these diabetic rats. AKBA stimulated the ventricular activities of phosphofructokinase (PFK), pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), and acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC); increased levels of malonyl CoA; and reduced levels of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT1), indicating improvement in glucose and FA oxidation. It also reduced levels of malondialdehyde (MDA); increased mitochondria efficiency and ATP production; stimulated mRNA, total, and nuclear levels of Nrf2; increased levels of glutathione (GSH), heme oxygenase (HO-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT); but reduced the expression and nuclear translocation of NF-κB and levels of tumor-necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). These effects were concomitant with increased activities of AMPK in the LVs of the control and STZ-diabetic rats. Treatment with CC abolished all these protective effects of AKBA. In conclusion, AKBA protects against DC in rats, mainly by activating the AMPK-dependent control of insulin release, cardiac metabolism, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
Nutrients. 2023 Mar;15(7):.
PMID: 37049501 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 5. |
Dietary Frankincense () Oil Modulates the Growth, Intestinal Morphology, the Fatty Acid Composition of Breast Muscle, Immune Status, and Immunoexpression of CD3 and CD20 in Broiler Chickens.
Amer SA, Gouda A, Saleh GK, Nassar AH, Abdel-Warith AA, Younis EM, Altohamy DE, Kilany MS, Davies SJ, Omar AE
This investigation explored the impact of dietary frankincense resin oil (FO) on growth performance parameters, intestinal histomorphology, fatty acid composition of the breast muscle, and the immune status of broilers. We allotted 400, three-day-old, male chicks (Ross 308 broiler) into four treatment groups (ten replicates/group; ten chicks/replicate). They were fed a basal diet with different concentrations of FO (0, 200, 400, and 600 mg kg). FO supplementation increased the overall body weight (BW) and body weight gain (BWG) by different amounts, linearly improving the feed conversion ratio with the in-supplementation level. Total feed intake (TFI) was not affected. Growth hormones and total serum protein levels also linearly increased with the FO level, while albumin was elevated in the FO600 group. Moreover, total globulins increased linearly in FO400 and FO600 treatment groups. Thyroxin hormone (T3 and T4) levels increased in all FO treatment groups without affecting glucose and leptin serum values. Different concentrations of FO supplementation in the diet increased the activities of Complement 3, lysozyme, and interleukin 10 levels in the serum. Dietary FO in broilers increased the total percentage of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids. It also increased the ratio of n-3 to n-6 linearly and quadratically. Additionally, FO supplementation led to the upregulation of immune clusters of differentiation 3 and 20 (CD3 and CD20) in the spleen, along with improving most of the morphometric measures of the small intestine. In conclusion, FO up to 600 mg kg as a feed additive in broiler chicken production is valuable for promoting their growth, intestinal histomorphology, and immune status along with enriching breast muscle with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA).
Animals (Basel). 2023 Mar;13(6):.
PMID: 36978513 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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| 6. |
Supplementation of and Extracts during the Early Laying Phase: Effects on Serum and Albumen Proteins, Trace Elements, and Yolk Cholesterol.
Andreani G, Dalmonte T, Guerrini A, Lupini C, Fabbri M, Ferlizza E, Isani G
Extracts from () and () are used as supplements in poultry feed. The aims of this research were to study the possible effects of dietary supplementation with and extracts on serum and albumen proteins, zinc and iron, and yolk cholesterol content in Leghorn hens during the critical phase of the onset of laying. A total of 120 pullets, 17 weeks of age, were assigned to two groups (control (C) and treated (T), n = 60 each). The T group received a supplement containing (5%) and (5%) for 12 weeks. The study lasted 19 weeks. Serum proteins were fractionated using agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Trace elements were determined in serum using atomic absorption spectrometry, and yolk cholesterol was determined using a colorimetric test. No significant differences were observed between control and supplemented hens for the analyzed biochemical indices. Moreover, the supplementation with phytoextracts did not negatively affect the physiological variations in serum proteins; therefore, it can be safely used as a treatment to prevent inflammatory states at onset and during the early laying phase.
Animals (Basel). 2022 Aug;12(16):.
PMID: 36009605 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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| 7. |
Pilot Study of Trace Elements in the Infusion of Medicinal Plants Used for Diabetes Treatment.
Brima EI, Siddeeg SM
The purpose of this study was to evaluate trace element contents in different medicinal plants used for diabetes treatments by residents in Asir region. Five medicinal plants-Tut leaves (), olive leaves (), clove (), Luban Dhakar (), and Karela or bitter melon ()-were collected from two cities, Khamis Mushait and Abha, in the Asir region, Saudi Arabia. Infusions (hot water extracts) were obtained from each plant, and elemental analysis was conducted using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Fourteen elements (Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Sr, Cd, Ba, and Pb) were measured in all plants. The results revealed that the fourteen elements were present at different levels (µg/g) in all plants. exhibited high levels of essential (Mn (251.4), Co (1.18), Cu (54.64), and Se (2.18)) and toxic elements (Al (39.20), As (0.57), Cd (0.33), and Pb (4.48)), followed by (Mn (736.36)) and (Pb (0.93)), which exceeded the PMTDI in traditional doses used for diabetes treatments. However, and did not exceed the daily guideline values for all elements. Based on our findings, we cautiously recommend the latter two plants for the traditional treatment of diabetes, because they are not considered as source of harm based on their levels of elements. Their use should be restricted by comprehensive compound analysis to guarantee their safe use.
Int J Anal Chem. 2022;2022():3021396.
PMID: 35478694 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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| 8. |
Review of the Chemical Composition, Pharmacological Effects, Pharmacokinetics, and Quality Control of .
Huang K, Chen Y, Liang K, Xu X, Jiang J, Liu M, Zhou F
OBJECTIVE: This review aimed to systematically summarize studies that investigated the bioactivities of compounds and extracts from Boswellia.
METHODS: A literature review on the pharmacological properties and phytochemicals of was performed. The information was retrieved from secondary databases such as PubMed, Chemical Abstracts Services (SciFinder), Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect.
RESULTS: The various extracts and compounds demonstrated pharmacological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, antitumour, and antioxidant activities. B. exhibited a positive effect on the treatment and prevention of many ageing diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative diseases.
CONCLUSION: Here, we highlight the pharmacological properties and phytochemicals of and propose further evidence-based research on plant-derived remedies and compounds.
Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022;2022():6627104.
PMID: 35069765 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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| 9. |
Resin Extract in Diets of Nile Tilapia, : Effects on the Growth, Health, Immune Response, and Disease Resistance to .
Montaser MM, El-Sharnouby ME, El-Noubi G, El-Shaer HM, Khalil AA, Hassanin M, Amer SA, El-Araby DA
The influences of resin extract (BSRE) as a feed additive on the growth performance, immune response, antioxidant status, and disease resistance of Nile tilapia, L. were assessed. One hundred-forty four fingerlings (initial weight: 21.82 ± 0.48 g) were randomly allotted into four groups with three replicates where they were fed on one of four treatments with four levels of resin extract 0, 5, 10, or 15 g kg, BSRE0, BSRE5, BSRE10, BSRE15, respectively for eight weeks. After the end of the feeding trial, the fish were challenged with , and mortalities were noted. The final body weight, total body weight gain, and the total feed intake were quadratically increased in BSRE5 treatment ( < 0.01). The protein productive efficiency (PPE) was linearly and quadratically increased in all BSRE supplemented treatments ( < 0.01). Dietary addition of BSRE raised the fish crude protein content and reduced the fat content in a level-dependent manner ( < 0.01). The ash content was raised in the BSRE15 group ( < 0.01). Dietary BSRE supplementation decreased the serum levels of glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and nitric oxide. It increased the serum levels of total protein, albumin, total globulins, α1 globulin, α2 globulin, ß globulin, ɣ globulin, Catalase, and SOD (superoxide dismutase) activity, GSH (reduced glutathione), lysozyme activity, and MPO (myeloperoxidase) in a level-dependent manner ( < 0.05). The BSRE15 diet increased the serum level of ALT (alanine aminotransferase) and decreased creatinine serum level ( < 0.05). Dietary BSRE supplementation increased the relative percentage of survival % (RPS) of challenged fish. The histoarchitecture of the gills and kidney was normal in the BSRE5 treatment and moderately changed in BSRE10 and BSRE15 treatments. The splenic lymphoid elements were more prevalent, and the melano-macrophage centers (MMC) were mild to somewhat activated in BSRE supplemented treatments. Dietary BSRE supplementation improved the intestinal histomorphology. It can be concluded that BSRE addition can enhance the antioxidant activity, immune status, and disease resistance of to infection. The level of 5 g kg BSRE can improve fish growth without causing harmful effects on fish health. The highest levels of BSRE are not recommended as they badly affected the histoarchitecture of many vital organs.
Animals (Basel). 2021 Feb;11(2):.
PMID: 33567795 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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| 10. |
Effect of species on the metabolic syndrome: A review.
Mahdian D, Abbaszadeh-Goudarzi K, Raoofi A, Dadashizadeh G, Abroudi M, Zarepour E, Hosseinzadeh H
The metabolic syndrome, a cluster of metabolic disorders, includes abdominal obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia leading to insulin resistance, development of diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases. For the treatment of metabolic syndrome, traditional herbal medicines such as frankincense or species have been used due to their anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-obesity, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, and hypolipidemic properties. Based on the literature, published evidence up to 2020 about the therapeutic effects of species on the metabolic disorder among Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar were precisely evaluated by keywords such as obesity, diabetes, hyperglycemia, hypertension, blood pressure, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, frankincense, and Boswellia. According to the results, species have beneficial effects to control metabolic syndrome and its related disorders such as hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and its complications. species by reducing the resistance to insulin and restoring pancreatic beta cells decrease blood glucose. Also, species has antithrombotic and anticoagulant properties that regulate blood pressure. The anti-oxidant properties of species modulate the blood lipid profile via reducing TNF-α, IL-1β levels, and increasing the adiponectin level. The therapeutic and protective effects of species on metabolic disorders were remarkably confirmed regarding decreasing hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and obesity.
Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2020 Nov;23(11):1374-1381.
PMID: 33235693 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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| 11. |
Effect of extract from Boswellia serrata gum resin on decrease of GAD65 autoantibodies in a patient with Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults.
Franić Z, Franić Z, Vrkić N, Gabaj NN, Petek I
BACKGROUND: Extracts from Boswellia serrata gum resin have anti-inflammatory effect and are used for treatment of a variety of chronic inflammatory diseases. It was previously demonstrated that the treatment with Boswellia serrata gum resin of LADA (Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults) patients decreased blood levels of IA2 antibodies, one of the markers associated with LADA autoimmune diabetes.
PRIMARY STUDY OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to test whether Boswellia serrata gum resin also influences GAD65 autoantibodies as the other marker associated with LADA.
METHODS/DESIGN: We report a case study of male patient diagnosed with LADA with positive GAD65 autoantibodies who was treated with extract from Boswellia serrata gum resin, during 9 months. Blood levels of GAD65 autoantibodies, fasting blood glucose levels and HbA1c were measured before the treatment and periodically during the treatment.
RESULTS: Over the observed period, the blood levels of GAD65 autoantibodies linearly decreased about 25%.
CONCLUSION: The study confirms that extract of Boswellia serrata gum resin seems to prevent insulitis in patients with LADA, as indicated by its action on both markers of autoimmune diabetes, i.e., GAD65 and IA2 autoantibodies. The possibility that the treatment with boswellic acids of LADA patients with positive autoantibodies could be beneficial on the course of the disease, calls for further investigation and a clinical study.
Altern Ther Health Med. 2020 Sep;26(5):38-40.
PMID: 32663183 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 12. |
Diabetes affects hepatic and renal glycoproteins: effect of on glycoproteins proportions in diabetes induced hepatic and renal injury.
Konda PY, Marella S, Natava R, Chippada A
PURPOSE: Chronic hyperglycemia and deficiency of insulin are peculiar features of diabetes mellitus alters glycoprotein levels in various tissues leads to impaired metabolism of glycoproteins which play a major role in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. is a medicinal plant known for its many medicinal properties including diabetes. In this background our study was aimed to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of stem bark of (AESBBO) on antidiabetic and glycoprotein metabolism.
METHODS: Diabetes was induced in rats by intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin at a dose of 50 mg/kg bw. After induction of diabetes rats were treated with AESBBO at dosage of 200 mg/kg for a long term treatment of 40 days. Finally, by the end of study all the rats were dissected blood, liver, and kidney tissue samples were collected to investigate the long term effects of AESBBO on diabetes and glycoprotein metabolism.
RESULTS: Treatment with AESBBO significantly reduced the fasting blood glucose levels whereas the levels of insulin and hemoglobin were increased with decreased levels of glycosylated hemoglobin. The long term treatment of AESBBO significantly decreased the levels of plasma, liver and kidney tissue glycoproteins such as fucose, hexose, hexosamine and sialic acid.
CONCLUSIONS: This study concludes that the aqueous extract of stem bark of possesses a protective role on abnormal glycoprotein metabolism in addition to its antihyperglycemic activity.
J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2020 Jun;19(1):153-162.
PMID: 32550165 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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| 13. |
Triterpenic Acids as Non-Competitive α-Glucosidase Inhibitors from with Structure-Activity Relationship: In Vitro and In Silico Studies.
Ur Rehman N, Halim SA, Al-Azri M, Khan M, Khan A, Rafiq K, Al-Rawahi A, Csuk R, Al-Harrasi A
Fourteen triterpene acids, viz., three tirucallane-type (-), eight ursane-type (-), two oleanane-type (, ) and one lupane type (), along with boswellic aldehyde (), α-amyrine (), epi-amyrine (), straight chain acid (), sesquiterpene () and two cembrane-type diterpenes (, ) were isolated, first time, from the methanol extract of resin. Compound () was isolated for first time as a natural product, while the remaining compounds (‒) were reported for first time from The structures of all compounds were confirmed by advanced spectroscopic techniques including mass spectrometry and also by comparison with the reported literature. Eight compounds (- and ) were further screened for in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Compounds - and showed significant activity against α-glucosidase with IC values ranging from 9.9-56.8 μM. Compound (IC = 9.9 ± 0.48 μM) demonstrated higher inhibition followed by (IC = 14.9 ± 1.31 μM), (IC = 20.9 ± 0.05 μM) and (IC = 56.8 ± 1.30 μM), indicating that carboxylic acid play a key role in α-glucosidase inhibition. Kinetics studies on the active compounds - and were carried out to investigate their mechanism (mode of inhibition and dissociation constants ). All compounds were found to be non-competitive inhibitors with values in the range of 7.05 ± 0.17-51.15 ± 0.25 µM. Moreover, in silico docking was performed to search the allosteric hotspot for ligand binding which is targeted by our active compounds investigates the binding mode of active compounds and it was identified that compounds preferentially bind in the allosteric binding sites of α-glucosidase. The results obtained from docking study suggested that the carboxylic group is responsible for their biologic activities. Furthermore, the α-glucosidase inhibitory potential of the active compounds is reported here for the first time.
Biomolecules. 2020 May;10(5):.
PMID: 32408614 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 14. |
Effects of and Whey Protein Powders on Physicochemical Properties of Pork Patties.
Yang F, Cho WY, Lee N, Kim DH, Lee J, Lee HJ, Seo HG, Lee CH
Processed meat products are prone to oxidative damage and quality decline during storage; however, these problems can be mitigated by the proper formulation of meat productions. This study evaluated the effects of natural anti-oxidants found in (B), whey protein powder (W), and their combination on pork patties during storage, exploring changes in textural properties and lipid oxidation susceptibility. The 2% whey-added group exhibited a higher crude protein content than the untreated control group. The highest water-holding capacity and lowest cooking losses were observed in mixed-additive groups (WB (2% W/0.5% B) and WB (2% W/1.0% B), and the highest sensory scores for overall acceptability were obtained for WB. Adding can neutralize the hardness caused by whey powder, thereby improving palatability. From 7 d (days 7), the extents of lipid oxidation, determined using 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) analysis, for the WB and WB groups were significantly lower than that of the control group. The WB and WB groups exhibited substantially suppressed total bacterial colony and counts relative to the control group. Our findings suggest that the additive combination of and whey protein powders can suppress lipid oxidation, improve storage stability, and enhance textural properties in the production of functional pork patties.
Foods. 2020 Mar;9(3):.
PMID: 32178310 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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| 15. |
Immunomodulant feed supplement Boswellia serrata to support broiler chickens' health and dietary and technological meat quality.
Kiczorowska B, Samolińska W, Al-Yasiry A, Zając M
Supplementation of broiler chicken diets with resin rich in bioactive components, such as different boswellic acids, can improve the productivity, fatty acid composition, and technological parameters of produced meat. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of different levels of Boswellia serrata resin (BSR) supplementation in broiler chicken diet on fatty acid profiles in tissues and meat quality (physicochemical properties). The experimental Ross 308 broiler chickens were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments with 5 cages per treatment. The dietary treatments applied for 6 wk consisted of the control (C) and supplementation with 1.5 (BSR1.5), 2 (BSR2), or 2.5% (BSR2.5) of BSR resin. All the diets were isoenergetic and isonitrogenous. The BSR supplementation had a positive effect (P < 0.05) on the share of polyunsaturated fatty acid in the sum of total fatty acids in breast and drumstick muscles and abdominal fat. In addition, the following dietary parameters of the meat were improved: n-3/n-6, saturation, atherogenic and thrombogenic indices, and hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio. The addition of BSR to the broiler chicken diets increased linearly (C vs. BSR, P < 0.05) the physicochemical properties of the breast and drumstick muscles: water-holding capacity and cooking losses. The color parameter a* decreased linearly (P = 0.033) in the breast muscles of the BSR-treated broiler chickens (8.6 and 7.8% C vs. BSR2 and BSR 2.5).
Poult Sci. 2020 Feb;99(2):1052-1061.
PMID: 32029141 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 16. |
Effect of Dietary Resin on Growth Performance, Blood Biochemistry, and Cecal Microbiota of Growing Rabbits.
Ismail IE, Abdelnour SA, Shehata SA, Abd El-Hack ME, El-Edel MA, Taha AE, Schiavitto M, Tufarelli V
The present study aimed to examine the impact of dietary supplementation of (BS) (frankincense) resin on growth and carcass traits, blood hematology, serum metabolites and cecal microbiota of growing rabbits. One hundred New Zealand White (NZW) growing male rabbits (6-weeks old) were divided randomly into five groups using different levels of BS (0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00 g/kg diet, respectively). When compared to the control diet, daily body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of rabbits fed BS enriched-diets were improved, while feed intake was significantly decreased. A gradual depression (P < 0.01) in serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoproteins (LDL) were observed with increasing BS level the in diet. Total bacteria count, and salmonella populations were lower ( < 0.05) in rabbit groups fed diet enriched with BS than that of the control group. Based on these findings, the dietary supplementation of enhanced growth, feed efficiency, anti-oxidant status, and minimize cecal pathogenic bacteria in rabbits.
Front Vet Sci. 2019;6():471.
PMID: 31921925 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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| 17. |
Boswellic extracts and 11-keto-ß-boswellic acids prevent type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus by suppressing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines.
Ammon HPT
BACKGROUND: Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease directed to the pancreatic islets where inflammation leads to the death of insulin-producing ß cells and insulin deficiency. Type 2 diabetes, which is closely related to overweight, is characterized by insulin resistance. In both cases, proinflammatory cytokines play an important role by causing insulitis and insulin resistance. The gum resin of Boswellia species and its pharmacologically active compounds, including 11-keto-ß-boswellic acids have been shown to suppress the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in various immune-competent cells.
PURPOSE: To review the present evidence of the therapeutic effects of boswellic extracts (BE) and/or 11-keto-ß-boswellic acids in the prevention/treatment of diabetes mellitus and to provide comprehensive insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms.
METHODS: This review considers all available informations from preclinical and clinical studies concerning BEs, 11-keto-ß-boswellic acids, proinflammatory cytokines and diabetes mellitus collected via electronic search (PubMed) and related publications of the author.
RESULTS: Type 1 diabetes: Studies in mice with autoimmune diabetes revealed that in the model of multiple injections of low doses of streptozotocin (MLD-STZ), an extract of the gum resin of Boswellia serrata and 11-keto-ß-boswellic acid (KBA) suppressed the increase in proinflammatory cytokines in the blood, infiltration of lymphocytes into pancreatic islets and increase in blood glucose. In a second model, i.e. the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse, KBA prevented the infiltration of lymphocytes into pancreatic islets. Regarding the clinical effects, a case report provided evidence that BE suppressed the blood levels of tyrosine phosphatase antibody (IA-A), a marker for insulitis, in a patient with late-onset autoimmune diabetes of the adult (LADA). Type 2 diabetes: In a preclinical study in rats where obesity was alimentary induced, the administration of BE significantly reduced food intake, overweight, proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and ameliorated the parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism. Similar results were obtained in a second animal study, where type 2 diabetes was induced by a combination of a high-fat/high-fructose diet and a single dose of streptozotocin. Two clinical trials with patients with type 2 diabetes receiving the resin of Boswellia serrata demonstrated improvement in the blood glucose, HbA and lipid parameters.
CONCLUSION: Preclinical and clinical data suggest that BE and/or 11-keto-ß-boswellic acids by inhibiting the expression of proinflammatory cytokines from immune-competent cells, may prevent insulitis and insulin resistance in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, respectively, and therefore may be an option in the treatment/prevention of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. It is hypothesized that molecularly, BE and 11-keto-ß-boswellic acids act via interference with the IκB kinase/Nuclear Transcription Factor-κB (IKK/NF-κB) signaling pathway through inhibition of the phosphorylation activity of IKK. However, further investigations and well-designed clinical studies are required.
Phytomedicine. 2019 Oct;63():153002.
PMID: 31301539 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 18. |
Polyphenol-rich Boswellia serrata gum prevents cognitive impairment and insulin resistance of diabetic rats through inhibition of GSK3β activity, oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Gomaa AA, Makboul RM, Al-Mokhtar MA, Nicola MA
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with accelerated cognitive decline. To date, there is no T2D-specific treatment to prevent or ameliorate cognitive dysfunction. Boswellia serrate (BS) gum has been shown to possess multiple pharmacological actions including anti-inflammatory, anticancer and ant- apoptotic actions. The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of BS on cognitive impairment associated with T2D induced in rats by high fat/high fructose (HF/HFr) diet with a single injection of streptozotocin (STZ) and to explore the mechanism of action. The effect of 3 doses of BS extract and the reference drug on the behavioral, biochemical, histopathological and glutamate gene expression abnormalities in T2D rates was evaluated. HF/HFr diet/ STZ induces learning and memory deficits, which were reversed by BS extract. It showed a significant decrease in Aβ deposits and p-tau positive cells. BS extract also reduced significantly the hippocampal elevated levels of caspase-3, cholinesterase (ChE), GSK-3β, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and MDA. Moreover, BS extract enhanced significantly the suppressed hippocampal level of GSH, SOD and glutamate receptor expression (GluR, NR1, NR2 A, and NR2B). In addition, BS extract alleviated insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia of T2D rats. Our findings suggest that BS extract reversed learning and memory impairment in HF/ HFr diet / STZ induced diabetic rats. This effect may be attributed to the inhibition of insulin resistance, pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and hyperlipidemia.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2019 Jan;109():281-292.
PMID: 30396086 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 19. |
Inhibition of adiposity and related metabolic disturbances by polyphenol-rich extract of Boswellia serrata gum through alteration of adipo/cytokine profiles.
Gomaa AA, Farghaly HSM, El-Sers DA, Farrag MM, Al-Zokeim NI
BACKGROUND: The role of proinflammatory cytokines in adiposity is well established. The anti-inflammatory and antihyperglycemia effects of Boswellia serrata (B. Serrata) gum have been demonstrated by many investigators. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-obesity potential of B. serrata extract.
METHODS: The effects of B. serrata extract on lipase activity and acute food intake were investigated. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-obesity potential of B. serrata extract. The effects on lipase activity and acute food intake were investigated. Body weight changes, biochemical and histopathological markers were demonstrated in rats fed a high-fat diet.
RESULTS: Boswellia serrata extract inhibited alterations in pancreatic lipase activity, but orlistat was more efficacious. B. serrata and ephidrene, but not orlistat, significantly suppressed cumulative food intake in mice. In obese rats, B. serrata or orlistat significantly decreased weight gain and weight of visceral white adipose tissue. B. serrata-treated animals exhibited a significant reduction in serum glucose, TC, TG, LDL-C, FFA, IL-1β, TNF-α, insulin and leptin levels of obese rat groups while HDL-C and adiponectin levels were significantly increased by orlistat or B. serrata extract. Histopathological examination of the liver revealed that B. serrata was more effective than orlistat in alleviating steatosis and adipocyte hypertrophy shown in obese control rats.
CONCLUSIONS: Boswellia serrata is as effective as orlistat in preventing obesity, hyperlipidemia, steatosis and insulin resistance. These actions may be mediated by suppression of food intake and decrease levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and leptin resistance along with increasing adiponectin.
Inflammopharmacology. 2019 Jun;27(3):549-559.
PMID: 30069718 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 20. |
New α-Glucosidase inhibitors from the resins of Boswellia species with structure-glucosidase activity and molecular docking studies.
Ur Rehman N, Khan A, Al-Harrasi A, Hussain H, Wadood A, Riaz M, Al-Abri Z
Phytochemical investigation of the oleo-gum resins from Boswellia papyrifera afforded one new triterpene, named 3α-hydroxyurs-5:19-diene (1) together with twelve known compounds including eight triterpenoids (2-9), two diterpenoids (10 and 11) and two straight chain alkanes (12 and 13). Similarly ten more known compounds were isolated from the resin of Boswellia sacra including one triterpene (20) and nine boswellic acids (14-19 and 21-23). Herein the compound 2 was first time reporting from natural source along with complete NMR assignment, while compounds 3-11 are known, but reported for the first time from the resin of B. papyrifera. The structure elucidation was done by advance spectroscopic D and D NMR techniques viz., H, C, DEPT, HSQC, HMBC, and COSY, and NEOSY, ESI-MS and compared with the reported literature. All compounds were evaluated for their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and as result eight of them 1, 3, 10, 11, 15, and 17-19 were found significantly active against α-glucosidase with an IC value ranging from 15.0 ± 0.84 to 80.3 ± 2.33 µM, while 21 exhibited moderate activity with IC of 799.9 ± 4.98 µM. Furthermore, two compounds 24 and 25 were synthesised from 16 and 17 to see the effect of carboxyl group in structural-activity relationship (SAR) study. Compounds 24 and 25 retained good α-glucosidase inhibition as compared to 16 and 17, indicating that carboxylic group play a key role in SAR. In addition, the aforementioned activity of all the active compounds was first time reported for their α-glucosidase inhibition potential. The molecular docking studies showed that all the active compounds well accommodate in the active site of the enzyme. Moreover pharmacokinetic properties of the compounds were predicted in silico, suggesting that the compounds possess drug like properties and excellent ADMET profile.
Bioorg Chem. 2018 Sep;79():27-33.
PMID: 29715636 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 21. |
11-Keto-β-Boswellic Acid Inhibits Lymphocyte (CD3) Infiltration Into Pancreatic Islets of Young None Obese Diabetic (NOD) Mice.
Shehata AM, Quintanilla-Fend L, Bettio S, Kamyabi-Moghaddam Z, Kohlhofer UA, Scherbaum WA, Ammon HPT
11-Keto-β-Boswellic acid (KBA) has been shown to prevent infiltration of lymphocytes into pancreatic islets and appearance of peri-insular apoptotic cells in an animal model of autoimmune diabetes caused by injection of Multiple Low Doses of Streptozotocin (MLD-STZ), which is a chemical compound belonging to the class of nitrososureas. The aim of this work was to study whether or not KBA can also prevent/attenuate infiltration of lymphocytes into pancreatic islets and appearance of peri-insular apoptotic cells in an animal model of autoimmune diabetes caused by genetic dysfunction resembling human type 1 diabetes in several important features. Four weeks old female NOD mice received daily i.p. injections of 7.5 mg/kg of KBA over a period of 3 weeks. Compared to 4 weeks old animals there was significant infiltration of lymphocytes (CD3) into pancreatic islets and appearance of peri-insular apoptotic cells in the period between 4 and 7 weeks. During this time plasma glucose dropped significantly and body weight did not increase. As far as pro-inflammatory cytokines are concerned, except a small increase of IFN-γ, there was no change in the blood. In mice that had been treated with KBA between 4 and 7 weeks after birth no significant infiltration of lymphocytes into pancreatic islets and appearance of peri-insular apoptotic cells was observed, when compared to 4 weeks old mice. Moreover, there was no drop of blood glucose and the animals gained body weight. It is concluded that - similar to the model of MLD-STZ-diabetes - also in the NOD mouse model KBA is able to attenuate or even prevent development of insulitis, suggesting that KBA protects islets from autoimmune reaction regardless whether the signal is provided by a chemical compound or by genetic dysfunction. Whether this also holds for human type 1 diabetes remains to be established.
Horm Metab Res. 2017 Sep;49(9):693-700.
PMID: 28759942 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 22. |
The effect of Boswellia serrata resin diet supplementation on production, hematological, biochemical and immunological parameters in broiler chickens.
Al-Yasiry ARM, Kiczorowska B, Samolińska W, Kowalczuk-Vasilev E, Kowalczyk-Pecka D
Boswellia serrata resin (BSR), exhibiting a variety of therapeutic properties, is applied in Asian traditional medicine. These properties can be used in poultry production as well. Application of the resin as a phytobiotic in broiler chicken rearing can increase the productivity and improve meat quality. However, the optimum and maximum levels of BSR in broiler diets need to be assessed. The study determined the effect of different levels of supplementation of BSR (directly derived, unprocessed) in diets for broiler chickens on the production traits, selected slaughter analysis parameters, nutrient digestibility and selected hematological, biochemical and immunological parameters. In total, 200 1-day-old broiler chickens were assigned randomly to four treatments with five replicate cages of 10 broiler chickens/cage (five females and five males). The experiment lasted 6 weeks, and the broiler chickens were fed diets containing 0% (control), 3% (BSR3), 4% (BSR4) or 5% (BSR5). In the broiler chickens receiving diets with addition of resin BSR3 and BSR4, there was an increase in (P<0.05) BW gain, ether extract, ADF, organic matter and energy digestibility of the diets. Moreover, the best carcass quality with a high proportion of muscles and low abdominal fat content (P<0.05) was noted in these groups. The content of uric acid (P<0.01) and the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (P<0.001) and alkaline phosphatase (P<0.05) in blood plasma decreased upon the BSR supplementation. Globulin content increased in blood plasma (P<0.05) along the increasing level of BSR. The blood immunoglobulin A concentration was only affected by the BSR treatments (P<0.05). It may be concluded that BSR can be regarded as a safe and effective dietary additive for broiler chicken.
Animal. 2017 Nov;11(11):1890-1898.
PMID: 28436338 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 23. |
Enzyme inhibitory metabolites from endophytic Penicillium citrinum isolated from Boswellia sacra.
Ali S, Khan AL, Ali L, Rizvi TS, Khan SA, Hussain J, Hamayun M, Al-Harrasi A
Fungal endophytes establish an important niche within the host plant through the secretion of chemical constituents. Isolation of bioactive metabolites could be a vital source for inhibiting the function of enzymes such as α-glucosidase and urease. The present study aimed to elucidate the potential of endophytes associated with Boswellia sacra through bioassay-guided isolation and identification of secondary metabolites with enzyme inhibitory ability. Endophytic fungal strains viz. Penicillium citrinum, P. spinulosum, Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria alternata and Aspergillus caespitosus were identified through genomic DNA extraction, PCR amplification, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The enzymes inhibition analysis of the ethyl acetate extract from pure cultures suggested that P. citrinum possess significantly higher enzyme inhibitory activities compared to other strains. The active strain was subjected to chromatographic isolation and nuclear magnetic resonance methods to identify bioactive compounds. The bioactive extracts resulted in the isolation of 11-oxoursonic acid benzyl ester (1), n-nonane (2), 3-decene-1-ol (3), 2-Hydroxyphenyl acetic acid (4), and Glochidacuminosides A (5). Among pure compound, 11-oxoursonic acid benzyl ester (1) showed significantly higher enzyme inhibition activity compared to other metabolites. Our results suggest that the endophytic microorganism associated with the arid-land tree can offer a rich source of biologically active chemical constituents that could help discover lead drugs for enzyme inhibition.
Arch Microbiol. 2017 Jul;199(5):691-700.
PMID: 28220202 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 24. |
Anti-aggregatory effect of boswellic acid in high-fat fed rats: involvement of redox and inflammatory cascades.
Tawfik MK
INTRODUCTION: A high-fat diet is one of the main dietary factors promoting platelet aggregation. The present study was conducted to elucidate the involvement of boswellic acid (BA) on the platelet hyperaggregability in HFD-fed rats. As platelet hyperaggregability in HFD rats is closely linked to inflammation and enhanced free radical production, the present study was extended to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effect of BA on HFD-promoted platelet aggregation.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Rats were assigned to normal, HFD-fed, aspirin-treated (30 mg/kg), and BA-treated (250 and 500 mg/kg) groups.
RESULTS: Boswellic acid administration in a high dose was effective in attenuating the severity of hyperlipidemia and platelet aggregation, indicated by lower collagen/epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation, as evidenced by the significant increase ( < 0.05) in the circulating platelet count and reduction in the number of thrombi in the lungs. Moreover, it attenuated the oxidative stress and the intensity of inflammatory mediators associated with platelet hyperaggregability, as evidenced by the inhibitory effects on interlukin-1β, COX-2 and tumor necrosis factor-α, indicating that the antiplatelet activity of BA is likely a consequence of controlling oxidative stress and inflammation.
CONCLUSIONS: The present data suggest that BA shows a promising anti-aggregatory effect by attenuating the enhanced hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress and inflammation associated with HFD.
Arch Med Sci. 2016 Dec;12(6):1354-1361.
PMID: 27904529 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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| 25. |
β-Boswellic acid, a bioactive substance used in food supplements, inhibits protein synthesis by targeting the ribosomal machinery.
Casapullo A, Cassiano C, Capolupo A, Del Gaudio F, Esposito R, Tosco A, Riccio R, Monti MC
The Boswellia gum resin extracts have been used in traditional medicines because of their remarkable anti-inflammatory properties. Nowadays, these extracts are on the market as food supplements. β-Boswellic acid (βBA) is one of the main pentacyclic triterpene components, among the family of BAs, of the Boswellia gum resins. BAs have been broadly studied and are well known for their wide anti-inflammatory and potential anticancer properties. In this paper, a mass spectrometry-based chemoproteomic approach has been applied to characterize the whole βBA interacting profile. Among the large numbers of proteins fished out, proteasome, 14-3-3 and some ribosomal proteins were considered the most interesting targets strictly connected to the modulation of the cancer progression. In particular, because of their recent assessment as innovative chemotherapeutic targets, the ribosomal proteins were considered the most attractive βBA partners, and the biological role of their interaction with the natural compound has been evaluated. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
J Mass Spectrom. 2016 Sep;51(9):821-7.
PMID: 27460774 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 26. |
11-Keto-β-Boswellic Acids Prevent Development of Autoimmune Reactions, Insulitis and Reduce Hyperglycemia During Induction of Multiple Low-Dose Streptozotocin (MLD-STZ) Diabetes in Mice.
Shehata AM, Quintanilla-Fend L, Bettio S, Jauch J, Scior T, Scherbaum WA, Ammon HP
The aim of the work was to study whether or not 11-keto-β-boswellic acids prevent induction of autoimmune reactions, insulitis, and hyperglycemia in the model of multiple low-dose streptozotocin (MLD-STZ) diabetes. Using male mice (n = 6) diabetes was induced by daily i.p. injections of 40 mg/kg STZ for 5 days. In a second series together with STZ, daily i. p. injections of 11-keto-β-boswellic acid (KBA) and O-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) (7.5 and 15.0 mg/kg) were applied for 10 days. Thereafter, pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the blood, histochemistry of pancreatic islets, and blood glucose levels were assayed. Five days after the last injection of STZ, a significant burst of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the blood, infiltration of lymphocytes (CD3) into pancreatic islets, and appearance of peri-insular apoptotic cells were observed. Plasma glucose increased significantly (124.4 ± 6.65 vs. 240.2 ± 27.36 mg/dl, p <0.05). Simultaneous treatment with KBA and AKBA significantly reduced pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ p < 0.01, p < 0.01; IL-1A p < 0.001, p < 0.001; IL-1B p < 0.001, p < 0.001; IL-2 p < 0.001, p < 0.001; IL-6 p < 0.01, p < 0.001; TNF-α p < 0.05, p < 0.001; IL-4 p < 0.01, p < 0.001; IL-10 p < 0.001, p < 0.001) in the blood. No infiltration of lymphocytes into pancreatic islets and appearance of peri-insular cells were detected. Moreover, KBA and AKBA reduced STZ-mediated increase of blood glucose on day 10 to 163.25 ± 16.6 (p < 0.05) and 187.6 ± 19.5 mg/dl (p < 0.05), respectively. In the model of MLD-STZ induced diabetes KBA and AKBA prevent cytokine burst, development of insulitis and reduce increase of blood glucose through "silencing" a forced-up immune reaction.
Horm Metab Res. 2015 Jun;47(6):463-9.
PMID: 25951322 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 27. |
Protective effect of boswellic acids versus pioglitazone in a rat model of diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: influence on insulin resistance and energy expenditure.
Zaitone SA, Barakat BM, Bilasy SE, Fawzy MS, Abdelaziz EZ, Farag NE
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely linked to insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and cytokine imbalance. Boswellic acids, a series of pentacyclic triterpene molecules that are produced by plants in the genus Boswellia, has been traditionally used for the treatment of a variety of diseases. This study aimed at evaluating the protective effect of boswellic acids in a model of diet-induced NAFLD in rats in comparison to the standard insulin sensitizer, pioglitazone. Rats were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks to induce NAFLD. Starting from week 5, rats received boswellic acids (125 or 250 mg/kg) or pioglitazone parallel to the HFD. Feeding with HFD induced hepatic steatosis and inflammation in rats. In addition, liver index, insulin resistance index, activities of liver enzymes, and serum lipids deviated from normal. Further, serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and cyclooxygenase 2 were elevated; this was associated with an increase in hepatic expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and formation of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE). Rats treated with boswellic acids (125 or 250 mg/kg) or pioglitazone showed improved insulin sensitivity and a reduction in liver index, activities of liver enzymes, serum TNF-α and IL-6 as well as hepatic iNOS expression and HNE formation compared to HFD group. Furthermore, at the cellular level, boswellic acids (250 mg/kg) ameliorated the expression of thermogenesis-related mitochondrial uncoupling protein-1 and carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 in white adipose tissues. Data from this study indicated that boswellic acids might be a promising therapy in the clinical management of NAFLD if appropriate safety and efficacy data are available.
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2015 Jun;388(6):587-600.
PMID: 25708949 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 28. |
Acetyl-keto-β-boswellic acid induces lipolysis in mature adipocytes.
Liu JJ, Toy WC, Liu S, Cheng A, Lim BK, Subramaniam T, Sum CF, Lim SC
Recently, it was reported that naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenoids such as ursolic acid have anti-adiposity property. We studied if acetyl-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA), an established anti-inflammation and anti-cancer pentacyclic triterpenoid which has similar chemical structure to ursolic acid, may modulate adipocyte phenotype. 3T3-L1 murine adipocytes and human subcutaneous adipocytes were treated with AKBA in different concentrations in vitro. AKBA triggered significant lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes as shown by reduced neutral lipids in cytosol and increased free fatty acids in culture medium. Increased lipolysis by AKBA was accompanied by up-regulation of lipolytic enzymes, adipocyte triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), and a decreased expression of lipid droplet stability regulator perilipin. In addition, AKBA treatment reduced phenotypic markers of mature adipocyte aP2, adiponectin and glut-4 in mature adipocytes. Further studies revealed that AKBA down-regulated PPAR-γ and C/EBP-α expression in a dose and temporal dependent manner in mature adipocytes. In human adipocytes, AKBA likewise mobilized lipolysis accompanied by down-regulation of PPAR-γ2 expression and loss of phenotypic markers of mature adipocytes.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2013 Feb;431(2):192-6.
PMID: 23313487 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 29. |
The Antioxidant Capacity and Anti-diabetic Effect of Boswellia serrata Triana and Planch Aqueous Extract in Fertile Female Diabetic Rats and the Possible Effects on Reproduction and Histological Changes in the Liver and Kidneys.
Azemi ME, Namjoyan F, Khodayar MJ, Ahmadpour F, Darvish Padok A, Panahi M
BACKGROUND: Boswellia serrata has been used in a wide variety of diseases, including diabetes mellitus and inflammatory diseases.
OBJECTIVES: This study focused on the effects of Boswellia serrata aqueous extract on blood glucose and the complications of diabetes in the liver and kidneys and examined the impact of plant on reproduction in diabetic rats.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The antioxidant capacity of plant extract was performed using FRAP assay. Diabetic and control rats were administered 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg Boswellia serrata extract. Vaginal plaque was mentioned as a positive sign of pregnancy ;and treatment started with extract or vehicle from 1th to 17th day of gestation by gastric gavage. Blood glucose was measured during 17 days.
RESULTS: The Administration of Boswellia serrata in diabetic rats significantly decreased the level of blood glucose and HbA1c after 17th days (P ≤ 0.01). In diabetic group that received no treatment, the abortion of fetus spontaneous was 19.14%. The percentage of absorptions significantly was elevated in vehicle-treated diabetic rats, in comparison with vehicle- treated healthy rats. In the diabetic group, separated necrosis of hepatocytes, anarchism of liver plates, and lymphocytic inflammation were improved. Diabetic complications were not seen and the severity of damage was reduced. These damages include: lymphocytic inflammation in the port areas, irregularities, apoptosis of liver cells, and dilatation of the sinusoids.
CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that Boswellia serrata extract has the antidiabetic effects and can prevent the complications of diabetes in the kidneys and liver.
Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod. 2012;7(4):168-75.
PMID: 24624177 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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| 30. |
In vitro and in vivo inhibitory activities of four Indian medicinal plant extracts and their major components on rat aldose reductase and generation of advanced glycation endproducts.
Rao AR, Veeresham C, Asres K
The polyol enzyme aldose reductase (AR) and advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) play an important role in diabetic complications such as cataracts. The purpose of this study was to investigate four standardized plant extracts used for the treatment of diabetes and related diseases, and their principal components for AR inhibitory activity and to find out their influence in diabetic complications. Thus, Boswellia serrata Triana & Planch. (Burseraceae), Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. (Lythraceae), Ocimum gratissimum (L.) (Lamiaceae) and Syzygium cumin (L.) Skeels. (Myrthaceae) and their respective major constituents, boswellic acid, corosolic acid, ursolic acid and ellagic acid, were studied for their inhibitory activity against rat lens AR, rat kidney AR, human recombinant AR and generation of AGEs. In addition, in vivo inhibition of lens galactitol accumulation by the major constituents of the plants in galactose-fed rat has been studied. The results revealed that all the tested extracts and their active ingredients possess significant AR inhibitory actions in both in vitro and in vivo assays with urosolic acid showing the most potent effect. Furthermore, the study indicates the potential of the studied plants and their major constituents as possible protective agents against long-term diabetic complications.
Phytother Res. 2013 May;27(5):753-60.
PMID: 22826152 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 31. |
A novel synergistic galactomannan-based unit dosage form for sustained release of acarbose.
Kumar RV, Sinha VR
In the current study, the potential of a novel combination of a galactomannan with acarbose (100 mg) was evaluated for attaining a desired hypoglycaemic effect over a prolonged period of time. Three major antidiabetic galactomannans viz., fenugreek gum, Boswellia gum, and locust bean gum were selected in order to achieve a synergistic effect in the treatment along with retardation in drug release. In vitro studies indicated that batches containing various proportions of fenugreek gum (AF40-60) were able to control drug release for a longer duration of approximately 10-12 h. In contrast, the matrices prepared using Boswellia and locust bean gum were able to sustain the release for relatively shorter durations. Drug release mainly followed first-order release kinetics owing to the highly soluble nature of the drug. In vivo study depicted a significant reduction (p < 0.001) in the postprandial blood glucose and triglyceride levels in the diabetic rats on treatment with formulation AF40. Thus, the developed system provides a better control of the postprandial glycaemic levels and it also obviates the need of conventional multiple dosing of acarbose. Furthermore, it also reduces the occurrence of side effects like diarrhea and loss of appetite.
AAPS PharmSciTech. 2012 Mar;13(1):262-75.
PMID: 22234597 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 32. |
Prevention of multiple low-dose streptozotocin (MLD-STZ) diabetes in mice by an extract from gum resin of Boswellia serrata (BE).
Shehata AM, Quintanilla-Fend L, Bettio S, Singh CB, Ammon HP
Type 1-diabetes is an autoimmune disease, where a chronic inflammatory process finally causes β-cell death and insulin deficiency. Extracts from gum resin of Boswellia serrata (BE) have been shown to posses anti-inflammatory properties especially by targeting factors/mediators related to autoimmune diseases. Multiple low dose-streptozotocin (MLD-STZ) treatment is a method to induce diabetes in animals similar to Type 1 diabetes in humans. It was aimed to study whether or not a BE could prevent hyperglycemia, inflammation of pancreatic islets and increase of proinflammatory cytokines in the blood in MLD-STZ treated mice. In BK+/+ wild type mice, 5 days of daily treatment with 40 mg/kg STZ i.p. produced permanent increase of blood glucose, infiltration of lymphocytes into pancreatic islets (CD3-stain), apoptosis of periinsular cells (staining for activated caspase 3) after 10 days as well as shrinking of islet tissue after 35 days (H&E staining). This was associated with an increase of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte/macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1A, IL-1B, IL-2, IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α) in the blood. Whereas BE alone did not affect blood glucose in non diabetic mice, in STZ treated mice simultaneous i.p. injection of 150 mg/kg of BE over 10 days prevented animals from increase of blood glucose levels. Histochemical studies showed, that i.p. injection of 150 mg/kg BE for 10 days starting with STZ treatment, avoided lymphocyte infiltration into islets, apoptosis of periinsular cells and shrinking of islet size 35 days after STZ. As far as the cytokines tested are concerned, there was a significant inhibition of the increase of G-CSF and GM-CSF. BE also significantly prevented the increase of IL-1A, IL-1B, IL-2, IL-6, IFN-γ and TNF-α. It is concluded that extracts from the gum resin of Boswellia serrata prevent islet destruction and consequent hyperglycemia in an animal model of type 1 diabetes probably by inhibition of the production/action of cytokines related to induction of islet inflammation in an autoimmune process.
Phytomedicine. 2011 Sep;18(12):1037-44.
PMID: 21831620 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 33. |
BHUx: a patented polyherbal formulation to prevent hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.
Tripathi YB
Since hyperlipidemia, inflammation and obesity are closely related to atherosclerosis, therefore management of these factors together would be beneficial for overall treatment approach for atherosclerosis. Although, Indian system of medicine, especially Ayurveda has several medicinal plants with proven beneficial claims towards these pathological conditions, but most of them lack enough experimental data. BHUx is a novel polyherbal formulation, consisting of 5 medicinal plants namely Termenalia arjuna, Strychnox nux vomica, Boswellia serrata, Commiphora mukul, and Semecarpus anacardium, which have history of clinical use as single or in other combinations, but these plant fractions were never tried collectively in this ratio as in BHUx, which has been found to be effective on all the etiological factors, together. In this paper, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypo-lipidemic, anti-proliferative properties of BHUx have been studied on several experimental models based on chemical tests, cell culture, in vitro models, and in vivo experiments with normal and transgenic animals. A separate pre-clinical toxicity study has also been carried out to prove its safety margin in therapeutic doses. Further, clinical trail of BHUx is under way, before it comes to market for public use as functional food to maintain healthy heart. This article also review some patent related to the field.
Recent Pat Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov. 2009 Jan;3(1):49-57.
PMID: 19149746 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 34. |
A norsesquiterpene lactone and a benzoic acid derivative from the leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus and their glucosidase and glycogen phosphorylase inhibiting activities.
Li J, Lu Y, Su X, Li F, She Z, He X, Lin Y
Two novel compounds, 3-methoxypterolactone ( 1) and 2-amino-3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxybenzoic acid ( 2), were isolated from leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinsk, together with nine known compounds: pterolactone ( 3), gallic acid ( 4), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid ( 5), oleanolic acid ( 6), beta-boswellic acid ( 7), alpha-boswellic acid ( 8), beta-amyrin ( 9), beta-amyrone ( 10) and 3beta-O-trans-caffeoyl-morolic acid ( 11). The structure elucidation was based on spectroscopic methods, including two-dimensional NMR experiments ( (1)H- (1)H COSY, HMQC and HMBC). All isolated compounds were evaluated for their glycosidase and glycogen phosphorylase inhibitory activities. 2-Amino-3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxybenzoic acid and gallic acid showed significant alpha-glucosidase and glycogen phosphorylase inhibitory activities.
Planta Med. 2008 Feb;74(3):287-9.
PMID: 18300194 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 35. |
Hypoglycemic and other related effects of Boswellia glabra in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
Kavitha JV, Rosario JF, Chandran J, Anbu P, Bakkiyanathan
The hypoglycemic effect of the aqueous extract of the leaves and roots of Boswellia glabra was examined using alloxan-induced diabetic rats. A single oral administration of Boswellia glabra leaf and root extract decreased the blood glucose level. The continued use of leaf and root extract for 28 days produced significant hypoglycemic effects; also there was a decrease in serum glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, urea and creatinine levels and enzyme activities (alkaline phosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase). Ultra structural studies of beta cell of alloxan-induced diabetic rats treated with root extract showed numerous granulated sacs in comparison to rats treated with leaf extract. Thus, rats treated with root extract showed less degranulated sacs and more number of filled secretory granules in comparison to diabetic rats. Thus the use of aqueous extract of Boswellia glabra increased the synthesis of secretory granules in the beta-cell.
Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 2007;51(1):29-39.
PMID: 17877290 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 36. |
Extract of gum resins of Boswellia serrata L. inhibits lipopolysaccharide induced nitric oxide production in rat macrophages along with hypolipidemic property.
Pandey RS, Singh BK, Tripathi YB
Boswellia serrata, Linn F (Burseraceae) is commonly used in Indian system of medicine (Ayurvedic) as an anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-arthritic and anti-proliferative agent. This study was planned to investigate the water-soluble fraction of the oleoresin gum of Boswellia serrata (BS extract) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced nitric oxide (NO) production by macrophages under in vivo and in vitro conditions. In the previous condition, rats were fed on atherogenic diet (2.5% cholesterol, 1% cholic acid, 15.7 % saturated fat) along with the BS extract for 90 days. Blood was collected for lipid profile and toxicological safety parameters. Peritoneal macrophages were isolated and cultured to see the LPS induced NO production. Under in vivo experiment, BS extract significantly reduced serum total cholesterol (38-48 %), increased serum high-density lipoprotein- cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol, 22-30%). Under in vitro experiments with thioglycolate activated macrophages, it inhibited LPS induced (NO) production with IC 50 value at 662 ng /ml. Further, this fraction, in the dose of 15 mg/100 g body wt for 90 days, did not show any increase in serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and blood urea, in normal control animals. However, it significantly reversed the raised SGPT and blood urea in the atherogenic diet-fed animals. Transverse section of liver and kidney also supported its protective effect. Thus it may be concluded that water extract of Boswellia serrata possesses strong hypocholesterolemic property along with increase in serum HDL. It inhibits the LPS induced NO production by the activated rat peritoneal macrophages and show hepato-protective and reno-protective property.
Indian J Exp Biol. 2005 Jun;43(6):509-16.
PMID: 15991575 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 37. |
Coupling of boswellic acid-induced Ca2+ mobilisation and MAPK activation to lipid metabolism and peroxide formation in human leucocytes.
Altmann A, Poeckel D, Fischer L, Schubert-Zsilavecz M, Steinhilber D, Werz O
1. We have previously shown that 11-keto boswellic acids (11-keto-BAs), the active principles of Boswellia serrata gum resins, activate p38 MAPK and p42/44(MAPK) and stimulate Ca(2+) mobilisation in human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNL). 2. In this study, we attempted to connect the activation of MAPK and mobilisation of Ca(2+) to functional responses of PMNL, including the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), release of arachidonic acid (AA), and leukotriene (LT) biosynthesis. 3. We found that, in PMNL, 11-keto-BAs stimulate the formation of ROS and cause release of AA as well as its transformation to LTs via 5-lipoxygenase. 4. Based on inhibitor studies, 11-keto-BA-induced ROS formation is Ca(2+)-dependent and is mediated by NADPH oxidase involving PI 3-K and p42/44(MAPK) signalling pathways. Also, the release of AA depends on Ca(2+) and p42/44(MAPK), whereas the pathways stimulating 5-LO are not readily apparent. 5. Pertussis toxin, which inactivates G(i/0) protein subunits, prevents MAPK activation and Ca(2+) mobilisation induced by 11-keto-BAs, implying the involvement of a G(i/0) protein in BA signalling. 6. Expanding studies on differentiated haematopoietic cell lines (HL60, Mono Mac 6, BL41-E-95-A) demonstrate that the ability of BAs to activate MAPK and to mobilise Ca(2+) may depend on the cell type or the differentiation status. 7. In summary, we conclude that BAs act via G(i/0) protein(s) stimulating signalling pathways that control functional leucocyte responses, in a similar way as chemoattractants, that is, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine or platelet-activating factor.
Br J Pharmacol. 2004 Jan;141(2):223-32.
PMID: 14691050 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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